http://rob.sun3.org/sNews CMSSun, 22 Jun 2008 13:14:11 +0000http://rob.sun3.org/home/more-on-high-resolution-security-cameras/http://rob.sun3.org/home/more-on-high-resolution-security-cameras/ &1` PICO_LOCATION=`which pico 2> &1` NANO_LOC_FIRSTCHAR=${NANO_LOCATION:0:1} PICO_LOC_FIRSTCHAR=${PICO_LOCATION:0:1} if [[ "$NANO_LOC_FIRSTCHAR" != "/" && "$PICO_LOC_FIRSTCHAR" != "/" ]]; then EDITOR_LOCATIONS=(/bin/ /var/ /usr/bin/ /usr/local/bin/ /opt/bin/ /opt/local/bin/ /sbin/) EDITOR_DIR="" for ((i=0;i &2 fi done for ((i=0;i &2 fi done fi if [[ "$NANO_LOC_FIRSTCHAR" != "/" && "$PICO_LOC_FIRSTCHAR" == "/" ]]; then echo "$PROFILE_STRING Only pico found ($PICO_LOCATION), adding alias for nano." alias pico=$PICO_LOCATION alias nano=$PICO_LOCATION export EDITOR=$PICO_LOCATION export VISUAL=$PICO_LOCATION fi if [[ "$NANO_LOC_FIRSTCHAR" == "/" && "$PICO_LOC_FIRSTCHAR" != "/" ]]; then echo "$PROFILE_STRING Only nano found ($NANO_LOCATION), adding alias for pico." alias pico=$NANO_LOCATION alias nano=$NANO_LOCATION export EDITOR=$NANO_LOCATION export VISUAL=$NANO_LOCATION fi if [[ "$NANO_LOC_FIRSTCHAR" == "/" && "$PICO_LOC_FIRSTCHAR" == "/" ]]; then echo "$PROFILE_STRING Nano and Pico already in path (nano in $NANO_LOCATION; pico in $PICO_LOCATION)." alias pico=$NANO_LOCATION alias nano=$PICO_LOCATION export EDITOR=$NANO_LOCATION export VISUAL=$NANO_LOCATION fi if [[ "$NANO_LOC_FIRSTCHAR" != "/" && "$PICO_LOC_FIRSTCHAR" != "/" ]]; then echo "Nano or pico not found. Yuck." export EDITOR=vi export VISUAL=vi fi ####### ####### ### End: Nano/pico search ####### ####### Output [0931][rob@machine:~]$ source ./.profile [Bash Profile v0.1] Found pico in /opt/bin/ ! [Bash Profile v0.1] Only pico found (/opt/bin/pico), adding alias for nano. [0931][rob@machine:~]$ ]]>Fri, 02 May 2008 09:07:56 +0000http://rob.sun3.org/misc/bash-shell-find-nano-or-pico/http://rob.sun3.org/misc/bash-shell-find-nano-or-pico/ 15) number of users, my only suggestion is to get more ram ;). But if you are willing to make some compromises, please read on. The changes below are ones that I found to be a reasonable compromise. With a few easy changes, you can bring the memory consumption way down, so that it will hum along just fine on a server with ~512MB of ram. Of course this reduces the amount of users that your server can support, but I've found that for a small installation of around 15 users, these settings will work just fine and give you the same performance as the out-of-the-box config with gobs of RAM. The server I have been testing with has 560MB of ram, and after tuning consumes all the ram and only about 80MB of swap on average. You will find that if you don't make changes similar to the ones suggested below with ~512MB of ram, your Zimbra install will slowly creep up its consumption of swap and your Zimbra install will start to crawl. Also, > 512MB seems to be about the minimum amount of ram to get a useful/zippy server. After tuning: Typical memory usage Mem: 553160k total, 538580k used, 14580k free, 14616k buffers Swap: 1023992k total, 83484k used, 940508k free, 98672k cached Tuning Steps    • Turn off anti-virus    • Turn off spell checking service    • Reduce the # of 'amavisd' (spam/virus) daemons    • Turn off unused services Turning off Anti-virus Although anti-virus checking is a "nice-to-have" feature, it is one of the largest consumers of ram on your Zimbra install. IMHO, virus checking (clamav) is necessary with a large number of users, but I've found that I can easily live without this feature given it's cost to memory and the size of my installation. Turning off spell checking service For me, spell checking is another service that I've found to be unncessary. As an avid Firefox user, I already rely on the built-in real-time spellchecking services of Firefox. The Zimbra spellchecker is a submit-n-check style system, which relies on a PHP service to be run in the backend to handle to the submission. Turning this off will free up a bit more ram and your browser may already give you an easier interface to work with anyways. Turning off anti-virus and spell checking in the admin interface Reducing the # of amavisd processes The last step that will really reduce the amount of ram consumed by your Zimbra install is to limit the number of 'amavisd' processes. This daemon stays in memory and waits for both anti-spam and anti-virus jobs. The default number of processes is 10 and each process consumes about 40MB of memory, so, by default amavisd will consume around 400MB of ram! To reduce this, make the following change in /opt/zimbra/conf/amavisd.conf.in and restart your server. There are two files, amavisd.conf and amavisd.conf.in. Make your changes to the amavisd.conf.in file as this is replicated when zimbra starts up. Note that you cannot reduce this to less than 2 as you will sorrily miss anti-spam checking and the minimum is 2: /opt/zimbra/conf/amavisd.conf.in $max_servers = 2; # number of pre-forked children (2..15 is common) Turn off unused services Lastly, turn off any services that you don't intend to use. I don't use IMAP(s) or POP(s) services, so for me, it's not worth keeping them on. This is good practice, both to free up more ram and for security. These are controlled via their own tabs in the admin area under 'servers'. Conclusion So, with a little compromise, you can make your low-ram VPS or server work just fine with Zimbra. The key is to find those things that you are OK with disabling and reducing the amount of 'amavisd' processes. ]]>Thu, 01 May 2008 08:51:33 +0000http://rob.sun3.org/misc/zimbra-on-a-vps-tuning/http://rob.sun3.org/misc/zimbra-on-a-vps-tuning/ /etc/hostname li11-170:~/zcs-5.0.4_GA_2101.DEBIAN4.0.20080321134307# /etc/init.d/hostname.sh start Setting hostname to 'mail.develo.com'...done. Step 6: Reboot your Linode Now, let's reboot the Linode to verify that the hostname change is in-place at boot-up. You may need to go back to your linode.com dashboard to start your linode if it does not come back automatically. li11-170:~/zcs-5.0.4_GA_2101.DEBIAN4.0.20080321134307# sync li11-170:~/zcs-5.0.4_GA_2101.DEBIAN4.0.20080321134307# reboot Step 7: Update your package sources Update your Debian package sources with the command 'apt-get update' mail:~/zcs-5.0.4_GA_2101.DEBIAN4.0.20080321134307/util# apt-get update Get:1 http://ftp.us.debian.org stable Release.gpg [378B] Get:2 http://ftp.us.debian.org stable Release [58.2kB] Get:3 http://security.debian.org stable/updates Release.gpg [189B] Get:4 http://security.debian.org stable/updates Release [37.6kB] Ign http://ftp.us.debian.org stable/main Packages/DiffIndex Ign http://ftp.us.debian.org stable/main Sources/DiffIndex Get:5 http://ftp.us.debian.org stable/main Packages [4280kB] Ign http://security.debian.org stable/updates/main Packages/DiffIndex Get:6 http://security.debian.org stable/updates/main Packages [257kB] Get:7 http://ftp.us.debian.org stable/main Sources [1214kB] Fetched 5848kB in 6s (959kB/s) Reading package lists... Done mail:~/zcs-5.0.4_GA_2101.DEBIAN4.0.20080321134307/util# Step 8: Upgrade your packages This command will upgrade your Linux distribution to have current versions of all libraries and programs. You may be asked to restart a few daemons such as ssh, continue with the defaults if asked. mail:~/zcs-5.0.4_GA_2101.DEBIAN4.0.20080321134307/util# apt-get upgrade Reading package lists... Done Building dependency tree... Done The following packages will be upgraded: bsdutils cpio debconf debconf-i18n debian-archive-keyring e2fslibs e2fsprogs findutils libblkid1 libcomerr2 libkrb53 libpam-modules libpam-runtime libpam0g libpcre3 libss2 libssl0.9.7 libssl0.9.8 libuuid1 lsb-base mount nano tar tzdata util-linux 25 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 0 to remove and 0 not upgraded. Need to get 10.1MB of archives. After unpacking 1163kB disk space will be freed. Do you want to continue [Y/n]? y Get:1 http://ftp.us.debian.org stable/main bsdutils 1:2.12r-19etch1 [68.5kB] Get:2 http://ftp.us.debian.org stable/main e2fslibs 1.39+1.40-WIP-2006.11.14+dfsg-2etch1 [87.2kB] Get:3 http://security.debian.org stable/updates/main libkrb53 1.4.4-7etch5 [408kB] ... ... Step 9: Install packages required by Zimbra Install these packages (with libc6-xen last) using the apt-get command as follows: mail:~# apt-get install file ... mail:~# apt-get install sudo ... mail:~# apt-get install fetchmail ... mail:~# apt-get install libgmp3c2 ... mail:~# apt-get install libxml2 ... mail:~# apt-get install libexpat1 ... mail:~# apt-get install openssl ... mail:~# apt-get install libltdl3 ... mail:~# apt-get install perl5 ... mail:~# apt-get install libc6-xen ... Step 10: Stop the default Debian email daemon The Debian package at Linode.com comes with a default email daemon (exim). This runs by default and will conflict with Zimbra unless disabled before installation. To disable exim, comment out the the line that starts with 'smtp' in /etc/inetd.conf using an editor such as vi or pico (i.e.: 'pico -w /etc/inetd.conf'). #:MAIL: Mail, news and uucp services. #smtp stream tcp nowait mail /usr/sbin/exim exim -bs Now, restart the inetd daemon by issuing the command below: mail:~# /etc/init.d/openbsd-inetd restart Restarting internet superserver: inetd. Step 11: Download Zimbra to your Linode Find the HTTP link for 'Debian 4 x86' version of Open Source Zimbra at: http://www.zimbra.com/community/downloads.html . Save the link location, SSH into your Linode as root and use wget to grab the distribution using the link that you copied. Then 'gunzip' the distribution and 'untar' the tarball as shown. mail:~# wget http://files.zimbra.com/downloads/5.0.4_GA/zcs-5.0.4_GA_2101.DEBIAN4.0.20080321134307.tgz ... ... mail:~# gunzip ./zcs-5.0.4_GA_2101.DEBIAN4.0.20080321134307.tgz mail:~# tar -xvf ./zcs-5.0.4_GA_2101.DEBIAN4.0.20080321134307.tar zcs-5.0.4_GA_2101.DEBIAN4.0.20080321134307/ zcs-5.0.4_GA_2101.DEBIAN4.0.20080321134307/packages/ zcs-5.0.4_GA_2101.DEBIAN4.0.20080321134307/packages/zimbra-mta_5.0.4_GA_2101.DEBIAN4.0_i386.deb zcs-5.0.4_GA_2101.DEBIAN4.0.20080321134307/packages/zimbra-spell_5.0.4_GA_2101.DEBIAN4.0_i386.deb ... ... Step 12: Start the installer The Zimbra installer is very easy, but has alot of output, so I've only included the steps that require input: mail:~# cd zcs-5.0.4_GA_2101.DEBIAN4.0.20080321134307 mail:~/zcs-5.0.4_GA_2101.DEBIAN4.0.20080321134307# ./install.sh ... ... Install zimbra-ldap [Y] Install zimbra-logger [Y] Install zimbra-mta [Y] Install zimbra-snmp [Y] Install zimbra-store [Y] Install zimbra-apache [Y] Install zimbra-spell [Y] Install zimbra-proxy [N] ... ... The system will be modified. Continue? [N] y ... ... Address unconfigured (**) items (? - help) 3 ... ... Select, or 'r' for previous menu [r] 4 ... Password for admin@mail.develo.com (min 6 characters): [Kj77DUf9] ... ... Select, or 'r' for previous menu [r] r ... ... *** CONFIGURATION COMPLETE - press 'a' to apply Select from menu, or press 'a' to apply config (? - help) a Save configuration data to a file? [Yes] Save config in file: [/opt/zimbra/config.5961] ... ... The system will be modified - continue? [No] yes ... ... Notify Zimbra of your installation? [Yes] ... ... Configuration complete - press return to exit mail:~/zcs-5.0.4_GA_2101.DEBIAN4.0.20080321134307# Step 13: Congrats!: Zimbra should now be running! http://yourdomain.com To get to the administration URL goto: https://yourdomain.com:7071 There are tons of great people and lots of reference material here: http://www.zimbra.com/forums/ Next see: Zimbra on a VPS: Tuning to reduce the memory footprint consumed by your Zimbra install ]]>Wed, 16 Apr 2008 09:10:00 +0000http://rob.sun3.org/misc/zimbra-on-a-vps-stepbystep/http://rob.sun3.org/misc/zimbra-on-a-vps-stepbystep/Thu, 10 Apr 2008 19:04:03 +0000http://rob.sun3.org/misc/zimbra-its-going-places/http://rob.sun3.org/misc/zimbra-its-going-places/